Serial dilutions are often performed in steps of 10 or 100. They are described as ratios of the initial and final concentrations. For example, a 1:10 dilution is a mixture of one part of a solution and nine parts fresh solvent. For a 1:100 dilution, one part of the solution is mixed with 99 parts new solvent. Parallel (if only portions of the liver irradiated effects are minimal as the liver can function with half or more loss of function. The liver has the ability to regenerate. Acute Side Effects: Jaundice occurs if 75% or more is irradiated (caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood, which is a waste product from RBC), anorexia. There are two methods used to transmit data between digital devices: serial transmission and parallel transmission. Serial data transmission sends data bits one after another over a single channel. Parallel data transmission sends multiple data bits at the same time over multiple channels.
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Consequently, what are the advantages of serial dilution?
Serial dilution has many advantages: the materials necessary are typically already present in the lab and require no special engineering. Conditions can be adjusted as the experiment progresses (e.g., drug concentrations increased as drug resistance improves).
Furthermore, what is serial dilution and why is it used? Serial dilution is the stepwise dilution of a substance in solution. Serial dilutions are used to accurately create highly diluted solutions as well as solutions for experiments resulting in concentration curves with a logarithmic scale.
Secondly, is direct or serial dilution more accurate?
The direct dilution method uses far less sample than the serial dilution method. This figure shows only the first four concentrations via direct dilution. Essential to direct dilution is the ability to accurately transfer extremely small volumes of stock solution, which is generally not possible with pipets.
What is the advantage of performing a serial dilution instead of a single dilution?
Easier and Faster Preparation of Calibration StandardsThe errors introduced with each successive dilution drops proportionately with the solution concentration. Preparing a series of calibration standards by this method reduces the amount of required time.
BIOL 1406
PreLab 2.5
When do I use the serial dilution technique instead of the parallel dilution technique?
Another way to make dilutions is to use some of your existing stock solution to make a dilute solution, then use some of the dilute solution to make an even more dilute solution, then use some of that solution to make an even more dilute solution, and so on. This procedure is called the serial dilution technique.
There are two situations where serial dilutions should be used rather than parallel dilutions:
FIRST: Use a serial dilution when you need several solutions of the same solute and there is a constant dilution factor. For example, suppose you have a 2 M stock solution of KMnO4 and you want to make 15 mL of each of the following concentrations of KMnO4: 0.2 M, 20 mM, 2 mM, and 0.2 mM. Notice that the concentration of each solution is 1/10th the concentration of the previous solution in the series. The factor by which each solution is diluted compared to the previous one is called the dilution factor.
To calculate the dilution factor for each dilution, divide the concentration of the starting solution by the concentration of the diluted solution. For example, for the first dilution 2 M divided by 0.2 M equals 10. For the second dilution, 0.2 M divided by 20 mM equals 10. For the third dilution, 20 mM divided by
2 mM equals 10. And for the fourth dilution 2 mM divided by 0.2 mM equals 10. Therefore, this series has a constant dilution factor of 10.
Serial Dilution Problems
2) is too small to measure accurately. Remember that the smallest volume you can measure with the micropipettors is 2 μL.1 500 Serial Dilution
| YOUR TURN | ||
| You have a stock solution of 1.6 M sucrose and you need to prepare solutions with the following concentrations of sucrose: 0.4 M, 0.1 M, 25mM, and 6.25 mM.What is the dilution factor for this series? | Hint | Check your answer. |
You plan to prepare 4 solutions by serial dilution. The concentration of your stock solution is 2.7 M and the dilution factor is 3. What will be the molarity of your four solutions? | Hint | Check your answer. |
| You have a 1.0 M stock solution of glycine (an amino acid), and you need 5 mL of a 0.1 mM solution. By what factor do you need to dilute your stock solution? | Hint | Check your answer. |
| Using the formula C1V1 = C2V2, calculate the amount of stock solution you need to make 5 mL of a 0.1 mM solution from a 1.0 M stock solution. Express your answer in mL: | Hint | Check your answer. |
| Do you have a measuring device that will accurately measure this amount? YES NO | Hint | Check your answer. |
| Explain. | Hint | Check your answer. |
| YOUR TURN | ||
For each of the following situations, state whether the parallel or serial dilution technique would be more appropriate, and explain your reasoning. | ||
You need 20 mL of a 5 mM glycerol solution. You have a 1.0 M glycerol stock solution on hand. Which dilution technique is appropriate and why? | Hint | Check your answer. |
You have a 2.5 M stock solution of EDTA. You need 50 mL each of 2 M, 0.5 M, 0.2 M and 0.1 M solutions of EDTA. Which dilution technique is appropriate and why? | Hint | Check your answer. |
You have a 2.0 M stock solution of sucrose. You need 100 mL each of 1 M, 0.5 M, 0.25 M, 0.125 M, and 62.5 mM sucrose solutions. Which dilution technique is appropriate and why? | Hint | Check your answer. |
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